UNIT 3 - MATERIALS

ACTIVITIES Nº1.

1.- Which raw material do these materials come from?

a) glass- sand, carbon and silice 

b) steel- iron and carbon  

c) plastic- petrol 

d) porcelain- kley (arcilla)

e) planks- wood 

f) concrete- sand, water and cement

2. What manufactured goods can we made from the materials of the exercise before.

Glass- Glasses, windows, bottles, furnitures and cups.

Steel- scisors, compass, frying pan, knifes and spoons.

Plastic- drink bottles, shopping bags and glass.

Porcelain- plates and jars.

Planks- tables and furnitures.

Concrete- bricks and beams.

3. Complete the sensences:

·   " Elastic materials can be stretched. They return to their original shape and size alfter stretching"

·   " No- Elastic materials can also be stretched, but they remain permanently in their former shape after stretching". 

4.- Write a list of FIVE manufactured goods made with elastic materials.

5. Order from greater to lesser hardness the following materials:

plasticine, plaster, ceramics, diamond, talc.

diamond, ceramics, plasticine, plaster, talc.

6. Name three objects made with permeable materials and another three made with waterproof materials.

PERMEABLE MATERIALS:  a paper, sponges, clothes.

WATERPROOF MATERIALS:  umbrella, waterproof  jacket, boots.

7. Classify the following textile materials into natural or syntetic:

polyester, cotton, polyamide, wool, jute, naylon, silk, linen, viscose, lycra. rayon.

NATURAL: poliester, cotton, wool (lana), jute, silk, linen.

SYNTETIC: polyamide, naylon, viscose, rayon, lycra.

8. What are the most important properties of these materials:

a) ceramic: hardness, heat conductivity, heaviness, toughtness.

b) concrete : hardness, toughness, heaviness, strength.

c) fiberglass: ductility, elasticity (hot), heaviness, hardness, fusibility, strength.

d) graphithe: hardness, fusibility, conductor.

e) steel: hardness, heaviness, strength, ductility, malleability, electric conductivity.

9.- What are these made of: 

a)aluminium: bausita
b)ceramic: Clay
c)fiberglass: silica, sodium carbonate and lime.
d)grafithe: carbon and silica.
e)titanium: mineral
f)nylon: plastic (petrol)
g)policarbonate: Co2 + epoxidos
h)rubber: latex
i)steel: iron and carbon
j)polyestyrene:polimerización del estireno (plastic).Hydrocarbone from petroleum.  
 

10.- Find out a material with the properties of:

a) soft+light- tin

 b) ductil+good conductor- copper

 c) hard+tough+non rust+alloy- stainless steel

11.-  Give an example of a suitable material that may be used to make:

·   a) garden tools:steel.

·   b) most work-shop tolos:stainless steel or iron.

·   c) tough kitchen sink units: stainless steel.

·   d) wire electrical cables: copper.

·   e) to protect doctors and dentists from harmful radiation when using X-rays: lead

·   f) Panels of Land-Rovers. Stainless steel or aluminium.

·   g) Ornaments. Gold and silver.

·   h) jewllery. Gold and silver.

·   i) car gears. Stainless steel.
  

ACTIVITIES Nº3.

1. Complete the table:

 

Name and melting point	Composition	Properties and characteristics	Principal uses
Aluminium 660 ºC	Pure aluminium (an element)	It´s a raw material. It´s the lightest material and it doesn´t rust. It´s a little hard.	Kitchen equipment, window frames, general cast components, planes.
Duralumin 650°C	Aluminium with 4% copper, 1% manganese and some magnesium	Alloy very high tensile strength characteristics and very high mechanical strength at room temperature [1] however, its corrosion resistance, weldability and suitability for anodizing are low. They are used in the aerospace industry [3] and automotive. Good machinability. Good resistance to abrasion. Good corrosion resistance.	Screws. Automotive. Blowing molds. Contours. Utensils.
Copper 1080°C	Pure copper (an element)	It´s the best conductor. Ductility (pueden hacerse cables) and malleability (permiten hacer planchas). Redish ( rojizo).	In electricity(Wires).
Zinc  419.5°C	Pure zinc (an element)	Weak metal, extremely resistant to corrosion, low melting point	Automotive, building and construction industries.
Brass 900-1000°C	Alloy of cooper and zinc.	Resistant to corrosion, fairly hard, good conductor of heat and electricity	ornamentation
Bronze 950 °C	Alloy of cooper and tin.	It doesn´t rust. Malleability.	ornamentation
Steel	Alloy of iron and carbon.	Hardness, conductor, strength.	Tools and construction.